Appendix: OWI selection

APROMAR. “A Guide on Fish Welfare in Spanish Aquaculture - Volume 1: Concepts and Generalities,” 2022. https://aquaculture.ec.europa.eu/knowledge-base/guidelines/guide-fish-welfare-spanish-aquaculture-volume-1-concepts-and-generalities.

———. “A Guide on Fish Welfare in Spanish Aquaculture - Volume 2: Welfare of European Sea Bass,” 2024. https://aquaculture.ec.europa.eu/knowledge-base/guidelines/guide-fish-welfare-spanish-aquaculture-volume-2-welfare-european-sea-bass.

———. “A Guide on Fish Welfare in Spanish Aquaculture - Volume 3: Welfare of Gilthead Sea Bream,” 2024. https://aquaculture.ec.europa.eu/knowledge-base/guidelines/guide-fish-welfare-spanish-aquaculture-volume-3-welfare-gilthead-sea.

———. “A Guide on Fish Welfare in Spanish Aquaculture – Volume 4: Welfare of Rainbow Trout.” Spanish Aquaculture Business Association, 2025. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1axrO7Z6CNXBZdFsOE0vC2ZqiYKIhuugZ/view.

Aquaculture Stewardship Council. “ASC Farm Standard Version: 1.0.1.” Aquaculture Stewardship Council, August 1, 2025. https://programme-centre.asc-aqua.org/app/uploads/2025/08/ASC-STD-001-ASC-Farm-Standard-V1.0.1-Aug-2025.pdf.

Best Aquaculture Practices. “Aquaculture Facility Certification BAP Farm Standard.” Best Aquaculture Practices, February 7, 2023. https://www.bapcertification.org/Downloadables/Pdf/BAP%20-%20BAP%20Farm%20Standard%20-%20Issue%203.1%20-%2007-February-2023.Pdf.

Best Aquaculture Practices. “Salmon Farm Standard.” Best Aquaculture Practices, August 4, 2025. https://www.bapcertification.org/Downloadables/pdf/BAP%20-%20Salmon%20Farm%20Standard%20-%20Issue%203.0%20-%20FINAL.pdf.

Friend of the Sea. “FOS-Aqua Fish Welfare Standards for the Certification in Aquaculture.” Friend of the Sea, November 5, 2021. https://friendofthesea.org/Wp-Content/Uploads/FOS-Fish-Welfare-Standards.pdf.

GLOBALG.A.P. “Integrated Farm Assurance GFS: Principles and Criteria for Aquaculture - Finfish, Crustaceans, Molluscs, Seaweed.” GLOBALG.A.P., September 2, 2024. https://documents.globalgap.org/documents/240902_IFA_GFS_PCs_AQ_v6_0_Aug24_en.pdf.

Manfrin, Amedeo. “Manual for Use on Field Operational Welfare Indicators (OWIs) of Sea Bass (D. Labrax) and Sea Bream (S. Aurata) Breeding in Sea Cages,” June 30, 2022. https://programming14-20.italy-croatia.eu/documents/269989/0/DL+4.3.2+Manual+for+use+on+field+Operational+Welfare+Indicators+%28OWIs%29+final.pdf/1704156f-d056-0a14-bc8c-90bf80fffbfc?t=1664183219208.

Martins, Catarina I. M., Leonor Galhardo, Chris Noble, Børge Damsgård, Maria T. Spedicato, Walter Zupa, Marilyn Beauchaud, et al. “Behavioural Indicators of Welfare in Farmed Fish.” Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38, no. 1 (July 28, 2011): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8.

Nilsson, Jonatan, Kristine Gismervik, Kristoffer Vale Nielsen, Martin Haugsmo Iversen, Chris Noble, Jelena Kolarevic, Hilde Frotjold, et al. “Laksvel — a Standardised, Operational Welfare Monitoring Protocol for Atlantic Salmon Held in Sea Cages.” Institute of Marine Research. Institute of Marine Research, June 20, 2025. https://www.hi.no/en/hi/nettrapporter/rapport-fra-havforskningen-en-2025-40.

Noble, Chris, Kristine Gismervik, Martin H. Iversen, Jelena Kolarevic, Jonatan Nilsson, Lars H. Stien, and James F. Turnbull. “Welfare Indicators for Farmed Atlantic Salmon: Tools for Assessing Fish Welfare.” Nofima, November 2018. https://nofima.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/FISHWELL-Welfare-indicators-for-farmed-Atlantic-salmon-November-2018.pdf.

Noble, C., K. Gismervik, M. H. Iversen, J. Kolarevic, J. Nilsson, L. H. Stien, and J. F. Turnbull. 2020. “Welfare Indicators for Farmed Rainbow Trout: Tools for Assessing Fish Welfare.” Nofima. Nofima. https://nofima.no/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Welfare-Indicators-for-farmed-rainbow-trout-Noble-et-al.-2020.pdf.

Pavlidis, Michail, and Athanasios Samaras. “Mediterranean Fish Welfare: Guide to Good Practices and Assessment Indicators,” December 2019. https://aquaculture.ec.europa.eu/knowledge-base/guidelines/mediterranean-fish-welfare-guide-good-practices-and-assessment-indicators.

Pavlidis, Michail, Athanasios Samaras, and Leonidas Papaharisis. “Welfare Assessment Study for European Sea Bass,” 2024. https://doi.org/10.26248/4V5N-7V19.

Pettersen, Jostein M., Marc B.M. Bracke, Paul J. Midtlyng, Ole Folkedal, Lars H. Stien, Håvard Steffenak, and Tore S. Kristiansen. “Salmon Welfare Index Model 2.0: An Extended Model for Overall Welfare Assessment of Caged Atlantic Salmon, Based on a Review of Selected Welfare Indicators and Intended for Fish Health Professionals.” Reviews in Aquaculture 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2013): 162–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12039.

Petochi, Tommaso, Alessandro Feraldi, Francesco Cardia, Valeria Donadelli, Maria Grazia Finoia, Matteo Tamburrini, Carla Ferrara, and Giovanna Marino. “Methodology for Assessing Welfare in MMFF,” 2021. https://performfish.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DL-3.6_Welfare_ISPRA-V2_def.pdf.

Roque, Ana, M. Filipa Castanheira, Anna Toffan, Pablo Arechavala-Lopez, Edgar Brun, Morris Villarroel, Enric Gisbert, et al. “Report on Fish Welfare and List of Operational Welfare Indicators in Sea Bream. Deliverable 4.5 of the Horizon 2020 Project MedAID (GA Number 727315),” February 17, 2020.

Stien, Lars H., Marc B. M. Bracke, Ole Folkedal, Jonatan Nilsson, Frode Oppedal, Thomas Torgersen, Silje Kittilsen, et al. “Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0): A Semantic Model for Overall Welfare Assessment of Caged Atlantic Salmon: Review of the Selected Welfare Indicators and Model Presentation.” Reviews in Aquaculture 5, no. 1 (March 2013): 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-5131.2012.01083.x.

Tschirren, Linda, David Bachmann, Ali Cem Güler, Oliver Blaser, Nicola Rhyner, Andreas Seitz, Erich Zbinden, Thomas Wahli, Helmut Segner, and Dominik Refardt. “MyFishCheck: A Model to Assess Fish Welfare in Aquaculture.” Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010145.

Weirup, Lina. “Development of a Fish Welfare Evaluation Index for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Aquaculture.” PhD Thesis, 2022. https://d-nb.info/1262308445/34.